Energy Consumption and Production Pattern in Direct Drilling Wheat in Punjab

Avtar Singh, Jagmohan Kaur

Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.

Corresponding author Email: avtar_bimbraw@yahoo.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.5.2.02

Abstract:

The study was conducted on input energy consumption for wheat production in irrigated condition at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The results revealed that the highest input energy requirement of 15682.9 MJha^-1was recorded for conventional tillage (CT) compared 13189.4, 12467.6 and 12467.6 MJha^-1 for rotavator (RT), happy seeder (HS) and zero tillage (ZT), respectively. Nitrogen (N) application showed a positive relationship with input energy consumption and highest of 18297.0 MJha^-1 was recorded with 150 kg Nha^-1 compared 15164.5, 13651.3, 6694.7 MJha^-1 for 0, 100 and 125 kg Nha^-1, respectively. The main source of input energy use was fertilizer and irrigation. The higher share of direct and non-renewable input energy consumption was recorded in CT and indirect and renewable input energy consumption was higher in HS, ZT and RT. Direct & renewable and indirect & non-renewable input energy showed a negative and positive relationship with N rates. CT wheat with 150 kg Nha^-1 produced the highest total output energy. The results showed that the highest 10.48, 0.38 kgMJ^-1 and 3.96 MJkg^-1 of output: input ratio, energy productivity and energy specific under ZT, ZT and CT, respectively. However, the maximum NPK energy equivalent in biomass was recorded in CT.  Input: output ratio, energy productivity and NPK energy equivalent showed negative relationship and energy specific showed a  positive relation with N rates. CT showed the higher net gain of energy compared to direct drilling methods as ZT, HS and RT.

Keywords:

Conventional Tillage; Energy; Happy Seeder; Nitrogen; Rotavator; Wheat; Zero Tillage

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